SCADA, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, refers to an industrial control system, a system monitoring and controlling a process. SCADA, that’s collects data from various sensors at a factory or remote location and then sends this data to a central computer which manages and controls the data. Now days it is used for wide range of solutions, such as water management systems, electric power, traffic signals, mass transits systems, environment control systems and manufacturing systems.
SCADA system consist of the following subsystems
1. HMI-Human Machine Interface. A system where data is processed and presented to be viewed and monitored by a human operator.
2. RTU- Remote Terminal Unit. Connecting to sensors in the process, converting sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system.
3. PLC- Programmable Logic Controller. Used as field devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and configurable than special-purpose RTUs.
Thursday, August 20, 2009
Monday, August 3, 2009
Nanotube powerd x-rays
Conventional x-ray machines consist of a long tube with an electron emitter, a tungsten filament, at one end and a metal electrode at the other end. The tungsten filament emits electrons when it is heated to 1000 degree Celsius. The electrons are accelerated along the tube and strike the metal, creating x-rays.
Instead of single tungsten emitter, the University of North California (UNC) team uses an array of vertical carbon nanotubes that serve as hundred of tiny electron guns. While tungsten requires times to warm up, the nanotubes emit electrons from their tips instantly when a voltage is applied to them.
A company called Xintek in Research Triangle Park, NC, to commercialize the technology. Xintek has team with Siemens to form a joint-venture company.
Taking clear, high-resolution x-ray images of body organs is much easier with the new multi-beam x-ray source. Conventional computerized tomography (CT) scan machines take a few minutes to create clear 3-D images using x-ray. Because the radiation is coming from one point in space, the machine has to move the [electron] source and detector around the object. The x-ray emitter fires while the tube moves. The motion of the heart and lungs can blur images, so a CT scanner takes hundreds of pictures that are synthesized to reconstruct a 3-D image. It speeds up organ imaging, takes sharper images, and could increase the accuracy of radiotherapy so it doesn't harm normal tissue.
Instead of single tungsten emitter, the University of North California (UNC) team uses an array of vertical carbon nanotubes that serve as hundred of tiny electron guns. While tungsten requires times to warm up, the nanotubes emit electrons from their tips instantly when a voltage is applied to them.
A company called Xintek in Research Triangle Park, NC, to commercialize the technology. Xintek has team with Siemens to form a joint-venture company.
Taking clear, high-resolution x-ray images of body organs is much easier with the new multi-beam x-ray source. Conventional computerized tomography (CT) scan machines take a few minutes to create clear 3-D images using x-ray. Because the radiation is coming from one point in space, the machine has to move the [electron] source and detector around the object. The x-ray emitter fires while the tube moves. The motion of the heart and lungs can blur images, so a CT scanner takes hundreds of pictures that are synthesized to reconstruct a 3-D image. It speeds up organ imaging, takes sharper images, and could increase the accuracy of radiotherapy so it doesn't harm normal tissue.
Monday, June 1, 2009
Create .jar file
I developed "Ration Data Entry System" for Sri Lanka Army, during my training at DMS Ltd.
The system developed using java, Oracle and HSQLDB. This project contain so many third party libraries such as iText.jar, Hsqldb.jar, etc...
The Netbeans IDE supports to build the jar files. It creates the jarfiles and MANIFEST but the problem is the classpath for the third part libraries are set to out side thr jar file. I needed just one jar file to deliver the produsct. So follow the following procedure.
1. Created an executable JAR file with the application’s CLASS files in it. Name this “main.jar”
jar cfm main.jar manifest.txt *.class
2. Created three directories: MAIN, LIB, and BOOT
3. Placed “main.jar” file in the MAIN directory
4. Placed the jar files that the main application depends on in the LIB directory
5. Created a new JAR file out of the MAIN and LIB directories. Name this one “application.jar”.
jar cf application.jar main lib
6. Extract the contents of the “one-jar-boot.jar” file into the BOOT directory(one-jar-boot.jar is a third party jar file, can download)
7. Navigated to the BOOT directory, and update the “application.jar” file with the following:
jar -uvfm ../application.jar boot-manifest.mf *.*
My “application.jar” file is now be executable.
It is running when moving the "application.jar" to another directory or another computer too.
done.
The system developed using java, Oracle and HSQLDB. This project contain so many third party libraries such as iText.jar, Hsqldb.jar, etc...
The Netbeans IDE supports to build the jar files. It creates the jarfiles and MANIFEST but the problem is the classpath for the third part libraries are set to out side thr jar file. I needed just one jar file to deliver the produsct. So follow the following procedure.
1. Created an executable JAR file with the application’s CLASS files in it. Name this “main.jar”
jar cfm main.jar manifest.txt *.class
2. Created three directories: MAIN, LIB, and BOOT
3. Placed “main.jar” file in the MAIN directory
4. Placed the jar files that the main application depends on in the LIB directory
5. Created a new JAR file out of the MAIN and LIB directories. Name this one “application.jar”.
jar cf application.jar main lib
6. Extract the contents of the “one-jar-boot.jar” file into the BOOT directory(one-jar-boot.jar is a third party jar file, can download)
7. Navigated to the BOOT directory, and update the “application.jar” file with the following:
jar -uvfm ../application.jar boot-manifest.mf *.*
My “application.jar” file is now be executable.
It is running when moving the "application.jar" to another directory or another computer too.
done.
Sunday, May 31, 2009
HADITH
The Hadith is the record of the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The sayings and conduct of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) constitute the Sunnah.
The Hadith has come to supplement the Holy Quran as a source of the Islamic religious law. The Hadith is the second pillar after the Quran upon which every Muslim rests his faith. Hadith consists of Mat'n and Isnad. Mat'n means the text of the Hadith, while Isnad means the chain of transmitters to that Hadith.
The Hadith has come to supplement the Holy Quran as a source of the Islamic religious law. The Hadith is the second pillar after the Quran upon which every Muslim rests his faith. Hadith consists of Mat'n and Isnad. Mat'n means the text of the Hadith, while Isnad means the chain of transmitters to that Hadith.
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